Planning of integrated mobility-on-demand and urban transit networks

We envision a multimodal transportation system where Mobility-on-Demand (MoD) service is used to serve the first mile and last of transit trips. For this purpose, current research formulates an optimization model for designing integrated MoD urban system. The proposed mixed-integer non-linear programming that captures strategic behavior passengers in network through passenger assignment model. It determines which routes operate, frequency operating routes, fleet size vehicles required each analysis zone demand, flow on both road networks. A Benders decomposition approach with several enhancements solve given program. Computational experiments are presented Sioux Falls network. results show significant improvement congestion city center introduction design allocates more outskirt zones (to trips) center. significantly improves share their level comparison base optimized sensitivity bus vehicle shows increasing number buses has impact improving compared vehicles. Finally, we provide managerial insights deploying such service.